2026, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) systems are integral to modern internal combustion engines for controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and enhancing fuel efficiency. This research examines the optimization of EGR systems to achieve significant improvements in fuel efficiency without compromising engine performance or emission standards. The paper investigates various approaches for improving the EGR system’s effectiveness, including modifications in EGR flow rate, cooler design, and integration with other emission control technologies. Through experimental studies and computational simulations, we assess the impact of different EGR configurations on engine combustion characteristics, efficiency, and emission levels. Key findings highlight that optimized EGR strategies not only reduce NOx emissions but also enhance fuel economy by improving thermal efficiency. Furthermore, advanced EGR control algorithms have been identified as crucial for fine-tuning the recirculation rate to match varying engine operating conditions. This paper also discusses the trade-offs associated with EGR optimization, such as potential increases in particulate matter (PM) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. The results underscore the importance of a holistic approach to EGR system design, considering not only emissions but also long-term fuel savings. The conclusions suggest that further optimization of EGR systems, coupled with advanced combustion strategies and hybrid technologies, holds promise for achieving a balance between environmental sustainability and fuel economy. This research offers valuable insights into the potential of EGR systems in meeting stringent emission regulations while improving vehicle efficiency.