Author(s): Johan Nyqvist

Abstract: Semiconductor materials form the technological backbone of modern microelectronics and optoelectronics, enabling continuous advancements in computing, communication, sensing, and energy conversion. As device dimensions approach atomic scales and performance demands intensify, conventional silicon-based technologies face fundamental physical and material limitations. Consequently, current research has shifted toward the exploration of novel semiconductor materials, advanced fabrication techniques, and heterostructure engineering to sustain progress in device efficiency, speed, and integration density. Emerging materials such as wide-bandgap semiconductors, compound III-V materials, two-dimensional layered semiconductors, and perovskite-based systems have demonstrated significant potential for next-generation electronic and photonic applications. These materials offer superior electrical mobility, tunable bandgaps, enhanced thermal stability, and strong light-matter interactions, making them suitable for high-frequency transistors, power electronics, light-emitting devices, and photodetectors. In parallel, advancements in nanofabrication, epitaxial growth, and defect engineering have enabled precise control over material properties at the nanoscale, further expanding application possibilities. However, challenges related to material integration, scalability, interface stability, and long-term reliability continue to impede large-scale commercialization. Current research trends increasingly emphasize material compatibility with existing manufacturing infrastructure, sustainable processing methods, and performance optimization through computational modeling and machine learning approaches. This article provides a focused overview of recent research trends in semiconductor materials for microelectronics and optoelectronics, highlighting key material systems, technological drivers, and unresolved challenges. By synthesizing recent developments, the research aims to clarify the evolving research landscape and identify directions that may enable future breakthroughs in semiconductor device technologies and integrated optoelectronic systems across industrial and scientific domains.

DOI: 10.22271/27078221.2026.v7.i1a.99

Pages: 19-23 | Views: 22 | Downloads: 5

Download Full Article: Click Here