2026, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A

In developing countries, the costs of implant, the continuity of supply, and the ability to test in a standardized manner have a direct bearing on the results of the patients suffering from such conditions. Through physics-guided (mechanobiology-aware) biomaterial design, the reader can discover a principled route to developing low-cost solutions for bone repair which connects measurable physical stimuli (strain, stress, fluid flow) to differentiation outcomes and thus to performance targets for scaffolds/implants. The paper describes fundamental mechanobiological modelling and scaffold structure-property principles for a unified construct for designing low-cost bone substitutes that are clinically usable in India. A proposed workflow consists of several scales that deploy computational models based on mechanoregulation of defect microenvironments as the starting point. In converting the predicted healing trajectories into scaffold and or biomaterial architecture specifications (porosity, stiffness, degradation, and bioactivity), it streams the verification of product performance using a harmonized test matrix of mechanical and biological evaluation based on ISO or ASTM requirements baseline. Discussion takes place on material choices of calcium phosphate bioceramics, calcium phosphate cements, bioactive glasses, polymer/bioceramic composites with an affordability perspective for certain scalable processing routes. Lastly, design verification and risk management steps are mapped to MDR-2017 and bio-compatibility of medical devices in the Indian context. Relevant evidence packages have been suggested for clinically relevant indications such as traumatic loss of bone and fragility fracture defects. With the planning design framework helps in reduction in trial/error-based development.