Author(s): Elena V Markovic, Lucas M Ferreira and Anna K Nowak

Abstract: Biomaterials have become fundamental to the advancement of modern medicine by enabling the development of innovative therapeutic devices, implants, and regenerative strategies. Defined as natural or synthetic substances engineered to interact with biological systems, biomaterials are central to applications ranging from cardiovascular implants and orthopaedic devices to drug delivery systems and tissue-engineered constructs. Advances in material science, surface engineering, and nanotechnology have significantly improved the biocompatibility, functionality, and longevity of biomaterials used in clinical settings. Contemporary research emphasizes the design of materials that not only replace damaged tissues but actively promote healing, cellular integration, and tissue regeneration. Polymers, ceramics, metals, and composite materials are increasingly tailored at molecular and microstructural levels to mimic native extracellular matrices and support controlled biological responses. In tissue engineering, biomaterials serve as scaffolds that guide cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and vascularization, thereby playing a decisive role in functional tissue restoration. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain related to immune responses, long-term stability, mechanical mismatch, and ethical considerations surrounding advanced biomaterial applications. Understanding the interaction between biomaterials and biological environments is essential for overcoming these limitations and translating laboratory innovations into safe and effective clinical therapies. This article reviews the evolving role of biomaterials in modern medical and tissue engineering applications, highlighting key material classes, functional requirements, and emerging trends. By integrating insights from biomedical engineering, materials science, and clinical research, the review underscores the transformative potential of biomaterials in improving patient outcomes. The discussion also emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and standardized evaluation frameworks to ensure the reliable development and regulatory approval of next-generation biomaterial-based therapies, thereby supporting the continued growth of regenerative medicine and personalized healthcare solutions.

DOI: 10.22271/27078221.2026.v7.i1a.106

Pages: 54-58 | Views: 27 | Downloads: 6

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